When OCD, anxiety, or food restriction appears overnight in a child, that’s a different clinical problem—and it requires a different lens. In this episode, we sit down with Dr. Lindsey Wells to walk through how to recognize and approach PANS and PANDAS in practice. We focus on the hallmark presentation: abrupt-onset neuropsychiatric symptoms, often with a clear “before and after” that families can describe in detail. From there, the conversation shifts to what may be driving that change—whether that’s infection, immune activation, inflammation, or broader system vulnerability. We also get practical. What does an initial workup look like? How do you think about common triggers like strep or other infections? When do you stay with foundational labs versus expanding further? And how do you support families who are often dealing with a sudden and destabilizing shift in their child’s behavior? This episode is for clinicians who want a clearer, more grounded way to recognize PANS and PANDAS—and to start thinking through these cases without overcomplicating or overinterpreting limited evidence. Clinical Highlights: PANS/PANDAS Abrupt-Onset OCD in Children: Sudden onset OCD, food restriction, or severe anxiety should immediately shift your differential toward PANS/PANDAS Clinical Diagnosis Over Lab Reliance: There is no confirmatory test—history, timing, and symptom clustering drive diagnosis (AAP, 2025) Infection–Immune Connection: PANDAS is associated with streptococcal infection, while PANS includes broader potential triggers (Swedo et al., 1998; AAP, 2025) Practical Lab Workup: Foundational labs (CBC, inflammatory markers, autoimmune screening, nutrients) can help inform clinical direction (Vitiello, 2026) Relapsing–Remitting Course: These conditions often follow a flare-based pattern, requiring longitudinal care planning (Johnson et al., 2019) Guest Introduction Dr. Lindsey Wells is a naturopathic physician specializing in pediatric PANS and PANDAS. Her clinical work focuses on identifying potential infectious and immune contributors to abrupt-onset neuropsychiatric symptoms while supporting long-term stabilization. She is also the author of Super Sam and the Battle Against PANS/PANDAS , a children’s book designed to help families, siblings, and educators better understand these conditions. FAQ What is PANS? PANS (Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome) is defined by the sudden onset of OCD or severe food restriction, along with at least two additional neuropsychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, regression, tics, sleep disruption, or urinary changes. It is a clinical diagnosis without a disease-specific biomarker (AAP, 2025). What is PANDAS? PANDAS is a subset of PANS associated with group A streptococcal infection, characterized by abrupt-onset OCD and/or tics with a relapsing-remitting course linked to infection (Swedo et al., 1998). What causes sudden OCD in children? In some cases, abrupt-onset OCD may be associated with post-infectious immune activation or neuroinflammatory processes, although mechanisms remain under investigation (Snider & Swedo, 2004). How is PANS diagnosed? PANS is diagnosed clinically based on symptom onset, pattern, and exclusion of other neurologic or psychiatric conditions. Laboratory testing supports—but does not establish—the diagnosis (AAP, 2025). What labs should be considered? A phased approach may include CBC, inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR), metabolic panel, and autoimmune screening, with additional testing guided by presentation (Vitiello, 2026). Timestamps 00:00 – PANS/PANDAS overview 02:03 – How to explain PANS/PANDAS to families 06:33 – What is PANS? What is PANDAS? Diagnostic criteria and symptom clusters 10:20 – Why PANS/PANDAS is often missed 14:06 – How is PANS diagnosed? 18:37 – What causes PANS/PANDAS? Infection triggers, immune response, and neuroinflammation explained 24:55 – PANS/PANDAS treatment approaches: antimicrobials, anti-inflammatories, and symptom support 27:11 – Using anti-inflammatory trials in PANS: when ibuprofen response may inform clinical direction 34:02 – Can teens or adults have PANS/PANDAS? 41:38 – Long-term management of PANS/PANDAS: preventing flares and supporting immune resilience Sponsor Section This episode is sponsored by Fullscript, a comprehensive care delivery platform designed to support whole-person, integrative healthcare. Fullscript allows clinicians to streamline supplement dispensing, lab ordering, and patient education in one free, centralized system—helping reduce administrative burden while supporting clinical decision-making. For practitioners, Fullscript offers access to professional-grade supplements, evidence-informed protocols, and lab integrations that can support more efficient planning and follow-up. For patients, it provides a clear, organized way to receive recommendations, manage refills, and stay engaged in their care. The goal is not to replace clinical judgment, but to make it easier for clinicians to focus on what matters most: thoughtful, individualized patient care. Disclaimer The views expressed on this podcast are those of the hosts and guests and don’t necessarily reflect those of Fullscript or any affiliated organizations. This podcast is for informational and educational purposes only and is not intended to be medical advice. For your safety, always check with your doctor or healthcare provider before making changes to your health routine. Citations American Academy of Pediatrics. Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS): Clinical Report. Pediatrics. 2025;155(3):e2024070334. Johnson M, Fernell E, Preda I, Wallin L, Fasth A, Gillberg C, Gillberg C. Paediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome in children and adolescents: an observational cohort study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019 Mar;3(3):175-180. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30404-8. Epub 2019 Jan 29. PMID: 30704875. Sigra S, Hesselmark E, Bejerot S. Treatment of PANDAS and PANS: a systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018 Mar;86:51-65. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.01.001. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29309797. Swedo SE, Leonard HL, Garvey M, et al. Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections: clinical description of the first 50 cases. Am J Psychiatry. 1998;155(2):264–271. Vitiello B. Clinical Utility of Medical Investigations in Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome. JAMA Netw Open. 2026;9(3):e262624. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.2624 Snider LA, Swedo SE. PANDAS: current status and directions for research. Mol Psychiatry. 2004 Oct;9(10):900-7. doi: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001542. PMID: 15241433.