Autoimmune
|
October 29, 2024

The Connection Between Lupus and Other Autoimmune Conditions

Medically Reviewed by
Updated On
November 1, 2024

‍Autoimmune diseases are inflammatory conditions in which the body’s immune response mistakenly targets its own cells. Living with an autoimmune condition can feel unpredictable and overwhelming, and may have devastating effects.Β 

Lupus, particularly Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), is a chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks healthy tissues in multiple body systems. Symptoms can show up in different parts of the body, which may delay diagnosis for many patients.Β Β 

Unfortunately, the confusion can be further compounded: lupus often co-occurs with other autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune thyroid disease, creating a complex health picture for many patients. In fact, up to 25% of lupus patients can have at least one other autoimmune condition.Β 

Understanding these links helps clinicians better recognize these patients, providing potentially life-saving diagnoses and treatments and improving long-term outcomes.

[signup]

Understanding Lupus: A Complex Autoimmune Disorder

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is the most common and severe form of lupus; it affects various organs including the skin, joints, kidneys, and heart.Β 

Caused by immune system overreactions, lupus attacks the body’s tissues. This leads to chronic body-wide inflammation and tissue damage, which can have serious health complications in various body systems and make diagnosis difficult.Β 

Lupus Symptoms

Lupus symptoms can vary greatly depending on the organs involved. Common symptoms include:

  • Joint pain and swelling: inflammation of the joints, causing stiffness and discomfort.
  • Skin rashes: especially a butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose, which is worse with sunlight exposure.
  • Photosensitivity: sensitivity to sunlight, often worsening skin symptoms.
  • Fever: low-grade fevers that come and go.
  • Mouth ulcers: sores, typically painless, appearing inside the mouth or nose.
  • Kidney problems: lupus nephritis, which can cause swelling, high blood pressure, and changes in urination.
  • Neurological issues: seizures, memory loss, and headaches are common.

Complications of Lupus

If untreated or poorly managed, lupus can lead to several complications which can be devastating for patients:

  • Lung Complications: inflammation of the lung lining (pleuritis) can lead to breathing difficulties or pulmonary embolism (blood clots in the lungs).
  • Blood Disorders: lupus can cause anemia (low red blood cells), low white blood cells, and low platelets.
  • Neurological Problems: lupus can lead to cognitive issues, mood disorders, and in severe cases, seizures or stroke.

Early diagnosis and comprehensive management of lupus are necessary to prevent organ damage and improve patient outcomes. But pinpointing a lupus diagnosis can be difficult, particularly when it occurs alongside other autoimmune diseases.

Common Co-Occurring Autoimmune Conditions

Lupus patients are at increased risk of developing other autoimmune conditions.

Lupus in Multiple Autoimmune Syndrome (MAS)

Many patients with one autoimmune condition can develop one or more additional autoimmune conditions simultaneously.

Multiple Autoimmune Syndrome (MAS) occurs when a patient is diagnosed with three or more autoimmune diseases. MAS is associated with lupus, as these patients are at increased risk of developing other autoimmune conditions.Β 

3 Types of Multiple Autoimmune Syndrome (MAS)

There are three types of Multiple Autoimmune Syndrome (MAS), grouped by the specific autoimmune diseases that tend to appear together.

Β Type 3 MAS includes diseases involving widespread immune dysfunction like lupus, autoimmune thyroid disease, and SjΓΆgren's syndrome.

Additionally, MAS often appears on the skin: at least one condition is usually dermatological, like vitiligo or psoriasis.

Lupus is in Type 3 MAS because it affects multiple organs and often overlaps with other autoimmune conditions. Lupus frequently co-occurs with SjΓΆgren's and autoimmune thyroid disease, likely due to shared genetic factors, environmental triggers, and immune system issues.

Lupus and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Rhupus Syndrome

"Rhupus syndrome" refers to a rare overlap condition between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Rhupus syndrome is characterized by erosive arthritis typical of RA, alongside symptoms of lupus such as the butterfly rash and photosensitivity, kidney dysfunction and pleuritis (lung inflammation). It can also show hematological issues and neurological complications.Β 

Patients with Rhupus often have blood tests showing specific antibodies like anti-CCP, anti-dsDNA, and anti-Smith, reflecting both conditions.Β 

Differentiating the Conditions that Commonly Occur with Lupus

Understanding conditions that can co-occur with lupus is the first step to successfully identifying them.

SjΓΆgren’s Syndrome

SjΓΆgren’s syndrome is an autoimmune condition that damages moisture-producing glands, causing symptoms like dry eyes and mouth. It often occurs with lupus, leading to overlapping symptoms of dryness, fatigue, and joint pain.Β 

In lupus patients, sudden worsening of these symptoms, especially dry mouth or eyes, may suggest coexisting SjΓΆgren’s. Red flags for their co-occurrence include significant oral or eye dryness along with lupus flares.

Sjogren’s Syndrome bloodwork markers to consider: Anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies.

Thyroid Disease (Hashimoto’s and Graves’)

Autoimmune thyroid diseases, such as Hashimoto’s (hypothyroidism) and Graves’ (hyperthyroidism), frequently occur in patients with lupus (SLE). SLE patients often have higher levels of antithyroid antibodies (specifically TPOab and Tgab), indicating a predisposition to thyroid issues.Β 

Hypothyroidism is the most common manifestation, affecting 15-19% of SLE patients, but hyperthyroidism and thyroid nodules are also more prevalent in SLE patients. Additionally, SLE patients have double the risk of developing thyroid cancer.

Red flags for thyroid dysfunction in SLE patients include persistent fatigue, unexplained weight changes, and temperature sensitivity despite stable lupus control. Regular thyroid screening is advised for SLE patients to catch these overlaps early.

Thyroid bloodwork markers to consider: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies, thyroglobulin antibodies (Tgab) and thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb).

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

In RA, the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints, leading to inflammation, pain, and stiffness, particularly in the hands and feet. RA can lead to permanent joint damage if untreated.Β 

Unlike lupus, which can affect multiple organs, RA is primarily focused on the joints.

Red flags for an RA-lupus overlap include joint pain that doesn't respond to RA treatments and unexplained skin rashes.

RA bloodwork markers to consider: Rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), and C-reactive protein (CRP).

Other Conditions

Lupus patients are also more likely to develop autoimmune conditions like celiac disease and psoriasis, further complicating their clinical picture.

Diagnostic Challenges with Co-Occurring Autoimmune Conditions

Co-occurring autoimmune conditions, especially in patients with Multiple Autoimmune Syndrome (MAS), can make diagnosis challenging due to overlapping symptoms.Β 

For instance, joint pain and fatigue are common in both lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, making it hard to differentiate between the two. Additionally, symptoms like dry eyes and mouth from SjΓΆgren’s syndrome can be mistaken for lupus-related issues.Β 

This overlap can lead to misdiagnosis or delayed identification of other autoimmune diseases, complicating the treatment plan and overall management of the patient’s health. Accurate diagnosis often requires comprehensive testing and clinical expertise.

Shared Risk Factors and Triggers

Autoimmune diseases, including lupus, often share similar risk factors:

  • Genetics: many autoimmune conditions, including lupus, run in families, suggesting a genetic predisposition.Β  Shared genetics like HLA and CTLA4 contribute to multiple autoimmune diseases.
  • Hormones: estrogen, a hormone more prevalent in women, is closely connected with immune dysfunction and autoimmune development. This helps explain why women are disproportionately affected by lupus and related autoimmune diseases.
  • Lifestyle Factors: smoking, alcohol, poor diet, and stress can exacerbate symptoms and trigger flares in lupus and other autoimmune diseases. A healthy diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol, and reducing exposure to toxins can help manage symptoms.

Diagnostic Criteria for Various Autoimmune Conditions

Diagnosing lupus and related autoimmune diseases includes the use of key diagnostic tests:Β 

  • Lupus: ANA (antinuclear antibodies), anti-dsDNA, Anti-Smith (anti-Sm), and complement levels (C3, C4)Β 
  • Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: TSH, anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies are used to diagnose Hashimoto's disease. TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) tests along with TSH specifically diagnose Graves' disease.

Autoimmune PanelsΒ 

Comprehensive autoimmune panels and anti-nuclear antibody testing help screen for overlapping conditions like lupus, RA and SjΓΆgren’s syndrome; these can alert the practitioner that additional diagnostic tests may be appropriate.

Treatment Approaches for Lupus and Autoimmune Conditions

Treating lupus often requires a combination of therapies:

Medications for LupusΒ 

Common drugs include corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, antimalarials like hydroxychloroquine, and immunosuppressants to control the overactive immune response.

Targeted Therapies for Overlapping ConditionsΒ 

Treatments like biologics (newer medications used in certain autoimmune conditions like RA) are used to stop the immune system’s autoreactivity. Hormone replacement therapy for thyroid issues can also address co-occurring conditions.

Emerging Treatments

New treatments are being developed that target specific arms of the immune system to hone in on dysfunctional immune responses. These include therapies to reduce autoantibody production; shut down the inflammatory response; and upregulate the modulating effects of certain immune cells.Β 

Challenges in Managing Multiple Autoimmune Conditions

Treating multiple conditions simultaneously can be complicated; it requires careful management to avoid drug interactions and overlapping side effects.

How Functional Medicine Can Help Patients with Multiple Autoimmune Conditions

Functional medicine provides a comprehensive, personalized approach to managing multiple autoimmune conditions by identifying root causes and addressing underlying imbalances that may drive immune dysfunction.Β 

This process begins with testing to understand root cause imbalances that may be driving symptoms:Β Β 

Hormone Testing and Menstrual Cycle Mapping

Mapping the menstrual cycle helps track how estrogen levels influence autoimmune flares. By identifying when symptoms worsen during hormonal shifts, clinicians can create targeted treatments to stabilize hormones, reduce inflammation, and prevent flare-ups.Β 

Genetic Testing

Genetic testing can reveal immune system vulnerabilities, like issues with inflammation and hormone detoxification, which may trigger autoimmune flares.Β 

By identifying these genetic factors, clinicians may identify genetic underpinnings of autoimmune flares. This insight allows for personalized treatment plans that address genetic predispositions through diet, lifestyle changes, and supplements, helping reduce flare-ups and improve overall health management.

Inflammation and Immune Function TestingΒ 

Tests such as the Lymphocyte MAP test provide an in-depth analysis of immune cell function, offering valuable insights for people with autoimmune conditions.Β 

By evaluating different types of lymphocytes, the test can identify immune imbalances and overactive responses, which are key factors in autoimmune diseases. This information may help clinicians create more targeted treatment plans.

Gut Health and Microbiome AnalysisΒ 

The gut, the microbiome and the immune system are closely connected.Β  Gut health tests can reveal problems like leaky gut or microbiome bacterial imbalance, which may affect autoimmune flares.Β 

Addressing these issues may support overall health for those with autoimmune conditions.

Vitamin D Testing

Vitamin D is key to regulating immune function, and deficiencies are common in people with autoimmune diseases.Β 

Low levels are linked to increased disease activity. Testing and maintaining optimal vitamin D levels through supplements or lifestyle changes can help restore immune balance and reduce autoimmune symptoms.

Toxin Testing

Environmental toxins like heavy metals, mold, and chemicals can disrupt the immune system and increase inflammation in autoimmune conditions. Testing for these toxins helps identify potential triggers.Β 

Addressing toxic burdens through detoxification, liver support, and reducing exposure can support healthy immune function.

Functional Medicine Treatment PlansΒ 

Functional medicine can provide holistic and personalized support for people living with autoimmune diseases.Β 

Key therapies include anti-inflammatory diets, tailored exercise, stress reduction, detoxification, mind-body therapies, and sleep optimization.Β 

These approaches aim to reduce inflammation, support the immune system, and support the person’s foundational health. By focusing on root causes and restoring balance, functional medicine can offer long-term relief and a healthier lifestyle for patients with autoimmune conditions.

[signup]

Key Takeaways

  • Complex Nature of Lupus: lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease that can attack various organs; its complex presentation can delay diagnosis, especially when co-occurring with other autoimmune conditions.
  • Co-Occurring Autoimmune Conditions: many lupus patients also experience other autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or autoimmune thyroid disease, complicating diagnosis and treatment.
  • Importance of Early Diagnosis and Management: recognizing the overlap of symptoms in lupus and related autoimmune diseases is necessary for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment to prevent serious complications.
The information in this article is designed for educational purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for informed medical advice or care. This information should not be used to diagnose or treat any health problems or illnesses without consulting a doctor. Consult with a health care practitioner before relying on any information in this article or on this website.

Learn more

No items found.

Lab Tests in This Article

No lab tests!

Achuff, J. Unveiling the Shadow: How Smoking Casts a Long-Term Impact on Immune Health. (2024, March 19). Rupa Health. https://www.rupahealth.com/post/unveiling-the-shadow-how-smoking-casts-a-long-term-impact-on-immune-health

Alghareeb, R., Hussain, A., Maheshwari, M. V., Khalid, N., & Patel, P. D. (2022). Cardiovascular Complications in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Cureus, 14(7), e26671. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.26671

Athanassiou, L., Kostoglou-Athanassiou, I., Kaiafa, G., Tsakiridis, P., Koukosias, N., Mitsoulis, S., Savopoulos, C., & Athanassiou, P. (2023). Thyroid Disease and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 59(11), 1911. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59111911

Balogh, L., Katalin OlΓ‘h, Soma SΓ‘nta, NΓ³ra Majerhoffer, & TamΓ‘s NΓ©meth. (2024). Novel and potential future therapeutic options in systemic autoimmune diseases. Frontiers in Immunology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1249500

Bertagna, B. (2024, January 30). What Is The Best Diet For Lupus - Is There One?. Rupa Health. https://www.rupahealth.com/post/what-is-the-best-diet-for-lupus---is-there-oneΒ 

Carsons SE, Patel BC. Sjogren Syndrome. [Updated 2023 Jul 31]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431049/

Chauhan K, Jandu JS, Brent LH, et al. Rheumatoid Arthritis. [Updated 2023 May 25]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441999/

Cloyd, J. (2023, February 1). 6 anemia types you need to know about. Rupa Health. https://www.rupahealth.com/post/6-different-types-of-anemia-you-may-not-be-aware-ofΒ 

Cloyd, J. A Functional Medicine Approach to Addressing Hair Loss in Women. (2023, September 8). Rupa Health. https://www.rupahealth.com/post/a-functional-medicine-approach-to-addressing-hair-loss-in-womenΒ 

Cloyd, J. (2023, May 25). A Functional Medicine Hashimoto Treatment Protocol: Testing, Supplements, and Nutrition. Rupa Health. https://www.rupahealth.com/post/a-functional-medicine-hashimoto-treatment-protocol-testing-supplements-and-nutrition

Cloyd, J. (2023, March 7). An integrative medicine approach to fatigue. Rupa Health. https://www.rupahealth.com/post/an-integrative-medicine-approach-to-fatigueΒ 

Cojocaru, M., Cojocaru, I. M., & Silosi, I. (2010). Multiple autoimmune syndrome. Maedica, 5(2), 132–134.

Conner, V. (2022, October 11). 6 Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Rupa Health. https://www.rupahealth.com/post/6-natural-therapies-that-can-help-with-chronic-fatigue-symptomsΒ 

Cox, A. D. (2022, August 10). Chronic Fatigue, Chest Pain, Stiffness, And Headaches Are All Signs Of This Autoimmune Disease. Rupa Health. https://www.rupahealth.com/post/natural-treatment-for-lupusΒ 

Greenan, S. (2021, November 19). What is Functional Medicine? How Do I Find A Functional Medicine Practitioner? Rupa Health. https://www.rupahealth.com/post/what-is-functional-medicineΒ 

Henry, E. (2021, July 12). Stool testing 101: A complete guide to the top 4 gut health tests. Www.rupahealth.com. https://www.rupahealth.com/post/stool-testing-101-a-complete-guide-to-the-top-4-microbiome-tests

Icen, M., Nicola, P. J., Maradit-Kremers, H., Crowson, C. S., Therneau, T. M., Matteson, E. L., & Gabriel, S. E. (2009). Systemic lupus erythematosus features in rheumatoid arthritis and their effect on overall mortality. The Journal of rheumatology, 36(1), 50–57. https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.080091

Justiz Vaillant AA, Goyal A, Varacallo M. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. [Updated 2023 Aug 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535405/

Khakham, C. (2023, June 8). Exploring the Complexities of Autoimmune Diseases: Unraveling Mechanisms, Risk Factors, and Integrative Approaches to Testing, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Rupa Health. https://www.rupahealth.com/post/understanding-autoimmune-diseases-mechanisms-and-risk-factors

Khakham, C. (2023, June 30). Integrative approaches to the treatment of lupus: A comprehensive review. Rupa Health. https://www.rupahealth.com/post/integrative-approaches-to-the-treatment-of-lupus-a-comprehensive-reviewΒ 

Khakham, C. Top Labs To Run Bi-Annually on Your Graves’ Disease Patients. (2023, August 22). Rupa Health. https://www.rupahealth.com/post/top-labs-to-run-bi-annually-on-your-graves-disease-patientsΒ 

Khakham, C. (2023, April 6). Understanding Your Risk of Cardiovascular Disease With Functional Medicine Labs. Rupa Health. https://www.rupahealth.com/post/understanding-your-risk-of-cardiovascular-disease-with-functional-medicine-labsΒ 

Klionsky, Y., & Antonelli, M. (2020). Thyroid Disease in Lupus: An Updated Review. ACR open rheumatology, 2(2), 74–78. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr2.11105

Lauret, E., & Rodrigo, L. (2013). Celiac Disease and Autoimmune-Associated Conditions. BioMed Research International, 2013, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/127589

Lymphocyte MAP by Cyrex Laboratories. (2020). Rupa Health. https://www.rupahealth.com/lab-tests/cyrex-lymphocyte-mapΒ 

Mak, A., & Tay, S. H. (2014). Environmental factors, toxicants and systemic lupus erythematosus. International journal of molecular sciences, 15(9), 16043–16056. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms150916043

Manzel, A., Muller, D. N., Hafler, D. A., Erdman, S. E., Linker, R. A., & Kleinewietfeld, M. (2014). Role of "Western diet" in inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Current allergy and asthma reports, 14(1), 404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-013-0404-6

Mincer DL, Jialal I. Hashimoto Thyroiditis. [Updated 2023 Jul 29]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459262/

Moulton V. R. (2018). Sex Hormones in Acquired Immunity and Autoimmune Disease. Frontiers in immunology, 9, 2279. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02279

Musa R, Brent LH, Qurie A. Lupus Nephritis. [Updated 2023 Jul 31]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499817/

Pokhrel B, Bhusal K. Graves Disease. [Updated 2023 Jun 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448195/

Preston, J. (2023, March 8). 5 Ways That Stress Affects Women’s Health. Rupa Health. https://www.rupahealth.com/post/how-stress-affects-womens-healthΒ 

Richard-Miceli, C., Criswell, L.A. Emerging patterns of genetic overlap across autoimmune disorders. Genome Med 4, 6 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/gm305

Solis Cartas, U., MartΓ­nez Larrarte, J. P., Prada HernΓ‘ndez, D. M., GΓ³mez MorejΓ³n, J. A., ValdΓ©s GonzΓ‘lez, J. L., & Molinero RodrΓ­guez, C. (2017). Rhupus syndrome. A rare combination. Revista Colombiana de ReumatologΓ­a (English Edition), 24(4), 237–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcreue.2017.05.004

Sweetnich, J. (2023, January 19). Integrative Medicine Treatments for Migraines Sufferers. Rupa Health. https://www.rupahealth.com/post/integrative-medicine-treatments-for-migrainesΒ 

Sweetnich, J. (2023, May 4). Getting to Know Vitamin D: From Testing to Supplementing and Meeting your RDA’s. Rupa Health. https://www.rupahealth.com/post/vitamin-d-101-testing-rdas-and-supplementingΒ 

Ulff-MΓΈller, C. J., Simonsen, J., Kyvik, K. O., Jacobsen, S., & Frisch, M. (2017). Family history of systemic lupus erythematosus and risk of autoimmune disease: Nationwide Cohort Study in Denmark 1977-2013. Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 56(6), 957–964. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kex005

Waldfogel, M. Beyond Dry January - How to Help Patients Reduce or Eliminate Alcohol Consumption. (2024, January 19). Rupa Health. https://www.rupahealth.com/post/beyond-dry-january---how-to-help-patients-reduce-or-eliminate-alcohol-consumptionΒ 

Weinberg, J. An Integrative and Complementary Approach to Vitiligo: Testing, Nutritional Considerations, and Complementary Therapies. (2023, July 26). Rupa Health. https://www.rupahealth.com/post/an-integrative-and-complementary-approach-to-vitiligo-testing-nutritional-considerations-and-complementary-therapiesΒ 

Wilson, E. (2024, September 13). Plaque Psoriasis: The Most Common Type and How to Manage It. Rupa Health. https://www.rupahealth.com/post/plaque-psoriasis-the-most-common-type-and-how-to-manage-itΒ 

Yoshimura, H. (2023, May 23). The Impact of Environmental Toxins on Autoimmune Diseases and The Use of Detoxification Protocols to Manage Symptoms. Rupa Health. https://www.rupahealth.com/post/the-impact-of-environmental-toxins-on-autoimmune-diseases-and-the-use-of-detoxification-protocols-to-manage-symptomsΒ 

Yoshimura, H. Top 10 Labs to Run on Your Patients with Brain Fog. (2024, June 27). Rupa Health. https://www.rupahealth.com/post/labs-for-brain-fog

Yoshimura, H. (2023, July 17). Using Functional Medicine As Personalized Medicine. Rupa Health. https://www.rupahealth.com/post/using-functional-medicine-as-personalized-medicineΒ 

Order from 30+ labs in 20 seconds (DUTCH, Mosaic, Genova & More!)
We make ordering quick and painless β€” and best of all, it's free for practitioners.

Latest Articles

View more on Autoimmune
Subscribe to the magazine for expert-written articles straight to your inbox
Join the thousands of savvy readers who get root cause medicine articles written by doctors in their inbox every week!
Thanks for subscribing!
Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form.
Are you a healthcare practitioner?
Thanks for subscribing!
Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form.
Subscribe to the Magazine for free to keep reading!
Subscribe for free to keep reading, If you are already subscribed, enter your email address to log back in.
Thanks for subscribing!
Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form.
Are you a healthcare practitioner?
Thanks for subscribing!
Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form.
Trusted Source
Rupa Health
Medical Education Platform
Visit Source
Visit Source
American Cancer Society
Foundation for Cancer Research
Visit Source
Visit Source
National Library of Medicine
Government Authority
Visit Source
Visit Source
Journal of The American College of Radiology
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
National Cancer Institute
Government Authority
Visit Source
Visit Source
World Health Organization (WHO)
Government Authority
Visit Source
Visit Source
The Journal of Pediatrics
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
CDC
Government Authority
Visit Source
Visit Source
Office of Dietary Supplements
Government Authority
Visit Source
Visit Source
National Heart Lung and Blood Institute
Government Authority
Visit Source
Visit Source
National Institutes of Health
Government Authority
Visit Source
Visit Source
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
Brain
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
The Journal of Rheumatology
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
Journal of the National Cancer Institute (JNCI)
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
Hepatology
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
Kidney International
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
Annals of Surgery
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
Chest
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
The Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
Blood
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
Gastroenterology
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
The American Journal of Psychiatry
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
Diabetes Care
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
The Journal of the American College of Cardiology (JACC)
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
The Journal of Clinical Oncology (JCO)
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
Journal of Clinical Investigation (JCI)
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
Circulation
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
JAMA Internal Medicine
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
PLOS Medicine
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
Annals of Internal Medicine
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
Nature Medicine
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
The BMJ (British Medical Journal)
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
The Lancet
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA)
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
Pubmed
Comprehensive biomedical database
Visit Source
Visit Source
Harvard
Educational/Medical Institution
Visit Source
Visit Source
Cleveland Clinic
Educational/Medical Institution
Visit Source
Visit Source
Mayo Clinic
Educational/Medical Institution
Visit Source
Visit Source
The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM)
Peer Reviewed Journal
Visit Source
Visit Source
Johns Hopkins
Educational/Medical Institution
Visit Source
Visit Source

Hey Practitioners! On December 11th, join Dr. Terry Wahls in a free live class where she'll share her groundbreaking methods for managing MS and autoimmune patients. This live session will address your most pressing questions and will take a closer look at treatment options beyond the conventional standards of care. Register here.

Register Here