Roseburia spp. are a genus of bacteria that belong to the Firmicutes phylum, and are found in the human gut microbiome. They have been identified as important for carbohydrate metabolism, helping to break down complex carbohydrates into simpler molecules like glucose or short chain fatty acids which can be used by our body for energy production. Roseburia spp.'s presence is often associated with good overall health and its absence has been linked to an increased risk of inflammation-related diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and cancer.