9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate

9-Chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonic acid, also known as 9Cl-PF3ONS or 6:2 Cl-PFESA, is a member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) family, widely used for their water-repellent, stain-resistant, and heat-resistant properties in various products, including non-stick cookware, food packaging, and firefighting foams. 

These synthetic chemicals are persistent in the environment and can bioaccumulate in living organisms, leading to potential health risks. 

The EPA’s Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5) mandates the monitoring of 29 PFAS, including 9Cl-PF3ONS, in public water systems from 2023 to 2025 to gather data on their occurrence and assess potential health risks. 

Studies have linked PFAS exposure to liver damage, immune system disruption, developmental issues, and various cancers, emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring and research. 

Testing for PFAS, including 9Cl-PF3ONS, is available through specialized laboratories, which can assess contamination levels in water, blood, and urine samples, aiding in the understanding and mitigation of PFAS exposure.

What is 9-Chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonic acid? [7., 8.] 

9-Chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonic acid, also known as 9Cl-PF3ONS or 6:2 chloropolyfluoroether sulfonic acid (6:2 Cl-PFESA), is part of the broader family of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). 

These synthetic chemicals are widely used for their water-repellent, stain-resistant, and heat-resistant properties in various industrial and consumer products, including non-stick cookware, food packaging, and firefighting foams. 

While less is known about the chlorinated polyfluoroether sulfonic acids compared to other PFAS, they have been detected sporadically in certain environments, such as private wells. 

9-Chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonic acid (9Cl-PF3ONS), a member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) family, is included in the EPA’s Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5). 

This rule, mandated by the Safe Drinking Water Act, requires monitoring of certain unregulated contaminants to gather data on their occurrence in public water systems. UCMR 5, effective from 2023 to 2025, includes monitoring for 29 PFAS and lithium, using advanced analytical methods. 

The data collected will help the EPA assess the national prevalence of these contaminants and their potential health risks, particularly in communities with environmental justice concerns. 

Testing for 9-Chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonic acid in water samples is available through some specialty labs.  Testing may also be offered through some laboratories to assess levels of PFAS contamination in blood and urine samples.

What are Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)?

PFAS are a diverse group of thousands of chemicals that are capable of resisting grease, oil, water, and heat.

While individual PFAS may be very different, chemically they all have a very strong carbon-fluorine bond which makes it difficult for them to degrade easily. [5.] 

PFAS are known for their persistence and bioaccumulation in living creatures and ecosystems. They are also linked to many adverse health effects.  For example, they are known to cause liver damage, immune system disruption, and developmental issues in pregnant people. [1.] 

Ongoing monitoring of the accumulation and health effects of PFAS is occurring.  For example, 9Cl-PF3ONS, detected sporadically in certain water supplies, has been given an Action Level of 2 nanograms per liter (ng/L) by Connecticut's Department of Public Health to safeguard public health. [7.] 

The EPA continues to advance research and refine methods to measure and mitigate PFAS contamination, ensuring science-based decision-making to protect public health. [8.] 

What are the Health Effects of PFAS in Humans?

Studies have linked PFAS exposure to various health issues, including: [2.] 

• Increased cholesterol levels

• Changes in liver enzymes

• Decreased vaccine response in children

• Increased risk of certain cancers

• Reproductive and developmental problems

• Hormonal interference

• Immune system effects

Where in the Human Body to PFAS Accumulate? [6.]

A study analyzed the presence of 21 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in 99 human autopsy tissue samples from residents of Tarragona, Spain, focusing on the brain, liver, lung, bone, and kidney. 

The results confirmed the presence of PFAS in all tissues, with varying accumulation trends. 

Different PFAS were found to accumulate in specific tissues: perfluorobutanoic acid was prevalent in the kidneys and lungs, while perfluorohexanoic acid was more common in the liver and brain. The lung tissues showed the highest overall concentrations of PFAS. [6.]

Specifically, the kidneys and lungs had high levels of perfluorobutanoic acid, measuring 263 ng/g and 807 ng/g respectively, while the liver and brain contained high levels of perfluorohexanoic acid, at 68.3 ng/g and 141 ng/g respectively. [6.]

In bone tissues, perfluorooctanoic acid was predominant at 20.9 ng/g. [6.]

These findings underscore the persistence and bioaccumulation potential of PFAS, raising concerns about their long-term health effects. 

How are PFAS Excreted From the Body? [2.]

The main route of excretion for most PFAS is through urine. However, this process is slow, which contributes to their long half-lives in the body.

Some PFAS routinely leave the body in blood during menstruation. Those who menstruate may excrete more PFAS than those who do not.

Some PFAS can also be excreted through breast milk. Those who breastfeed may excrete more PFAS from their bodies than those who do not.

The process of PFAS is generally slow, with some PFAS taking years to leave the body. [3.]

People with kidney disease may not excrete as much PFAS from their body through urine as healthy individuals. [3.]

Their slow excretion rate contributes to the high potential for PFAS bioaccumulation in the human body.

Laboratory Testing for 9Cl-PF3ONS

Test Information, Sample Collection and Preparation [4.]

Blood tests are the primary method for measuring PFAS exposure in humans. Blood PFAS is considered the accepted biomarker of exposure for PFAS studies.

A blood test can tell you the levels of certain PFAS in your blood at the time the sample was taken.  Blood tests require a venipuncture.

Nearly all people in the United States have measurable amounts of PFAS in their blood. [2.]

Urine testing is another form of PFAS testing. PFAS are primarily excreted from the body through urine, but the process is slow. [3.]

People with kidney disease may not excrete as much PFAS through urine as healthy individuals. [3.]

It is important to consult with the ordering provider prior to sample collection, as special preparation may be required. 

Interpreting 9Cl-PF3ONS Levels

Nearly everyone in the US who tests for levels of PFAS will test positive for at least certain PFAS.  However, maintaining low levels is essential for overall health, especially for pregnant or breastfeeding people, and individuals who plan to become pregnant in the future.  

Optimal levels are undetectable, or as low as possible.

Clinical Significance of Elevated Levels of PFAS

Elevated levels of PFAS may indicate a need to support an individual’s detoxification pathways as well as liver and kidney function.  Additionally, it is essential to consider common or frequent sources of PFAS exposure for an individual, and minimize them.  

FAQ: Understanding 9Cl-PF3ONS

9Cl-PF3ONS, also known as 9-Chloro-perfluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonic acid, is a chemical compound of interest in environmental science and health research. 

This FAQ section addresses common questions about 9Cl-PF3ONS, its significance, its potential health effects, and related research.

What is 9Cl-PF3ONS?

9Cl-PF3ONS stands for 9-Chloro-perfluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonic acid. It is a type of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS), a group of synthetic chemicals widely used in industrial and consumer products for their water- and stain-resistant properties.

Why is 9Cl-PF3ONS Significant?

9Cl-PF3ONS is significant due to its persistence in the environment and potential health impacts. Like other PFAS, it does not break down easily and can accumulate in the environment and in living organisms, raising concerns about its long-term effects on health and ecosystems.

What are the Potential Health Effects of 9Cl-PF3ONS?

The potential health effects of 9Cl-PF3ONS are still being studied, but research on similar PFAS chemicals suggests they may include:

• Liver damage

• Immune system effects

• Pregnancy complications

• Developmental issues in children

• Increased risk of certain cancers

What are the Common Sources of 9Cl-PF3ONS Contamination?

Sources of 9Cl-PF3ONS contamination include industrial processes, manufacturing of water- and stain-resistant products, firefighting foams, and waste from PFAS-containing materials. 

These sources can release 9Cl-PF3ONS into the environment, leading to contamination of water, soil, and air.

How Can Exposure to 9Cl-PF3ONS be Minimized?

To minimize exposure to 9Cl-PF3ONS:

• Use water filters, especially those certified to reduce PFAS.

• Avoid products known to contain PFAS, such as certain non-stick cookware and water-resistant fabrics.

• Stay informed about local water quality reports and contamination advisories.

• Follow guidelines issued by health and environmental authorities regarding PFAS safety.

Are There any Regulations Regarding 9Cl-PF3ONS?

Regulations regarding 9Cl-PF3ONS and other PFAS vary by country and region. Some governments have established limits for PFAS in drinking water and are developing policies to manage and reduce PFAS pollution. 

It is important to stay updated on local and national regulations.

When Should I Consult a Healthcare Provider about Potential Exposure to 9Cl-PF3ONS?

You should consult a healthcare provider if you suspect significant exposure to 9Cl-PF3ONS, especially if you have related health concerns or symptoms. A healthcare provider can offer advice on testing, monitoring, and reducing exposure.

How Can I Stay Informed About Research and Developments Related to 9Cl-PF3ONS?

Stay informed by following scientific publications, attending relevant environmental and health conferences, and monitoring updates from research institutions and regulatory agencies. Journals focused on environmental science, toxicology, and public health often publish the latest findings on 9Cl-PF3ONS and PFAS-related research.

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