Alloprevotella

Alloprevotella is a genus of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria within the Bacteroidetes phylum and Prevotellaceae family. 

Alloprevotella species are a normal part of the human microbiome, predominantly colonizing the oral cavity and digestive tract. They are commonly associated with plant-rich diets high in carbohydrates and fibers, contributing to microbial stability. 

While some strains of Alloprevotella are linked to health benefits like improved cardiovascular health and glucose metabolism, others have been implicated in inflammatory diseases such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease. 

Their presence in the gut microbiota can serve as biomarkers for dietary habits and overall gut health, reflecting the balance between beneficial and potentially harmful microbial species. 

Additionally, Alloprevotella species are found in the oral cavity and respiratory tract, where they can be associated with various health conditions. 

Understanding the role of Alloprevotella in health and disease is essential for developing targeted therapeutic strategies and maintaining a balanced microbiome.

What is Alloprevotella?

Taxonomy and Classification

Alloprevotella belongs to the Bacteroidetes phylum and is part of the Prevotellaceae family. Alloprevotella species are Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, and rod-shaped bacteria. [10.] 

The name Alloprevotella comes from the Greek "allos" meaning "different," indicating that it is different from but related to Prevotella.

Alloprevotella was proposed as a new genus in 2013 to accommodate two species: [2.] 

• Alloprevotella rava (a newly described species)

• Alloprevotella tannerae (formerly classified as Prevotella tannerae)

They are obligate anaerobes, meaning they thrive in environments devoid of oxygen. [10.]  

They produce acetic and succinic acids as fermentation end products.  [2.] 

Alloprevotella’s Role in the Human Body

Depending on the context, Alloprevotella may have health benefits and/or health risks for human health.  

Health Benefits Associated with Alloprevotella

Alloprevotella are known to be a normal part of the human microbiome, colonizing the digestive tract including the oral cavity. It helps maintain microbial stability. [8.] 

Alloprevotella are commonly associated with plant-rich diets abundant in carbohydrates and fibers. This genus is often prevalent in agrarian societies with diets high in polysaccharides and fibers, as opposed to Western diets that are high in fats and proteins. [6.] 

One study introducing a short-term dietary fiber intervention significantly increased the growth of Alloprevotella. This indicates that dietary fiber can enhance the abundance of this genus in the gut microbiota. [8.] 

The increase in Alloprevotella abundance after dietary fiber intake suggests that it has a beneficial role in gut health. [8.] 

However, research is not all clear-cut on Alloprevotella.  

While some strains are associated with beneficial effects such as improved cardiovascular health and better glucose metabolism, others may have pathobiontic properties contributing to inflammatory diseases like metabolic syndrome, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. [6.] 

The presence and levels of Alloprevotella in the gut microbiota could serve as potential biomarkers for dietary habits and overall gut health, reflecting the balance between beneficial and potentially harmful microbial species. [6.] 

Health Risks Associated with Alloprevotella

These bacteria are commonly found in the human oral cavity and are associated with oral dysbiotic infections, such as dental caries and periodontitis. [10.] 

A. rava has been found in higher proportions in individuals with halitosis, dental caries, and periodontitis, but decreased in conditions like Behçet's disease. 

There is emerging evidence linking A. rava to oral carcinogenesis, although its pathogenic features are not yet fully understood. [10.] 

‍Alloprevotella and Prevotella species are often found together, and co-implicated in oral and respiratory tract infections. [7.] 

‍Prevotella and Alloprevotella species are also implicated in various digestive conditions including gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and different types of cancers in the gastrointestinal tract. [3.] 

In the respiratory tract, these bacteria are part of the core microbiota and are associated with conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis. [3.] 

Interestingly, low levels of Alloprevotella were associated with low blood pressure, although the opposite, that high levels of Alloprevotella were associated with high blood pressure, was not explicitly stated. [9.]

Lab Testing for Alloprevotella 

Test Type, Sample Collection and Preparation

Alloprevotella levels are assessed in stool samples.  Stool samples may be collected from the comfort of home.  

Occasionally, Alloprevotella testing may be done from vaginal samples, samples from oral abscesses or the oral cavity, or from sputum samples to assess for pathogenic overgrowth of this bacterium in these areas.

Testing may require avoidance of certain medications and/or supplements including probiotics prior to sample collection.  It is important to consult with the ordering provider for full test preparation instructions. 

Interpretation of Test Results

Optimal Levels of Alloprevotella

Optimal levels are generally determined by assessing the balance of healthy vs. unhealthy microbiota.  It is important to consult with the laboratory company used for test interpretation. 

Overall, a moderate amount of Alloprevotella as part of a healthy microbiome is likely ideal for health.

Clinical Significance of Elevated Alloprevotella

Results should be interpreted within the context of an individual’s health history.  Elevated Alloprevotella in a bodily fluid or tissue sample may indicate an active infection and a need for treatment, especially in a symptomatic individual.  

Clinical Significance of Decreased Alloprevotella

Low levels of an individual strain should be interpreted within the context of an individual’s comprehensive microbiome assessment as well as her or his symptom picture.  

Rebalancing the microbiome may consist of therapies including natural microbials or antibiotics, probiotics, gut healing protocols, as well as the use of food-based sources of prebiotic fiber to naturally promote the growth of bacteria such as Alloprevotella. [8.] 

Alloprevotella Related Biomarkers to Test

In addition to Alloprevotella, other members of the gut microbiome and associated metabolites have been studied as potential biomarkers for various health conditions.

Other Gut Bacteria as Biomarkers

Several other bacterial genera within the gut microbiome have been investigated as potential biomarkers including Bacteroides, Prevotella, Faecalibacterium, and Akkermansia. 

Changes in the abundance and composition of these bacteria have been linked to conditions such as inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, and metabolic disorders.  [1.] 

FAQ: Alloprevotella

What is Alloprevotella?

Alloprevotella is a genus of bacteria that belongs to the Bacteroidetes phylum. These bacteria are commonly found in the human oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract, playing a role in the complex ecosystem of the microbiota.

What Role Does Alloprevotella Play in the Human Microbiota?

Alloprevotella contributes to maintaining a balanced microbiota by participating in the breakdown of complex carbohydrates and fibers, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate and propionate, and interacting with other microbial species to support a healthy gut environment.

What Are the Potential Health Implications of Alloprevotella?

Research on Alloprevotella is ongoing, but it has been associated with both positive and negative health effects:

• Positive effects: Alloprevotella may contribute to gut health by producing beneficial metabolites like SCFAs, which are important for colon health and overall metabolism.

• Negative effects: Some studies have suggested potential associations with oral diseases such as periodontitis and systemic conditions like metabolic syndrome, though more research is needed to understand these links fully.

Can Alloprevotella Be Used as a Probiotic?

Currently, Alloprevotella is not used as a probiotic. Probiotics are typically selected for their well-established benefits and safety profiles, and more research is needed to determine whether Alloprevotella could be beneficial and safe for such use.

How Can I Support a Healthy Microbiota That Includes Alloprevotella?

To support a healthy microbiota, consider the following:

• Diet: Eat a balanced diet rich in fiber, fruits, vegetables, and fermented foods.

• Probiotics and prebiotics: Consume foods and supplements that promote beneficial bacteria.

• Oral hygiene: Maintain good oral hygiene practices to support a healthy oral microbiota.

• Avoid unnecessary antibiotics: Use antibiotics only when necessary, as they can disrupt the microbiota.

• Regular exercise: Physical activity can positively influence gut health.

• Stress management: Reducing stress can help maintain a healthy microbiota.

Are There Any Known Interactions Between Alloprevotella and Other Gut Bacteria?

Alloprevotella interacts with other gut bacteria to maintain a balanced microbiota. These interactions can influence the overall composition and function of the gut microbiome, impacting the host's health. However, specific interactions and their implications are still being studied.

Where Can I Find More Information About Alloprevotella and Microbiota Health?

For more information about Alloprevotella and microbiota health, consider consulting:

• Healthcare providers: Medical professionals can provide personalized advice and information.

• Scientific literature: Research articles and reviews on microbiota and specific bacterial species.

• Reputable health organizations: Websites of organizations such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA).

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